Activating B Cells Key to TIL Cancer Therapy Effectiveness

Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have found that tapping into the body’s own immune system and activating a type of immune cell known as B cells could be the key to boosting the effectiveness of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, or TIL therapy.

In TIL therapy, doctors remove tumors from the patient, send them to a lab where they are dissected to collect immune cells that have infiltrated the tumor (known as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [TILs]) and then grown in large quantities and reinfused into the patient’s body to seek out and attack cancer cells. While it’s already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for melanoma, new research shows the key is a natural immune protein called CD40L. “We discovered that by adding CD40L to the immune cells in the lab, we could dramatically improve the number and quality of cancer-fighting T cells we’re able to grow,” said Daniel Abate-Daga, PhD, scientific director of the Cell Therapies Core at Moffitt and lead author of the study. “It’s like flipping a switch that helps these cells become stronger and healthier.”

Results of the study showed that in more challenging specimens, TIL cultures grew successfully in 67 percent of samples when CD40L was used, compared to 33 percent without it. The approach also shaved up to one week off the manufacturing time, potentially getting the cellular immunotherapy  to patients sooner. Finally, the enhanced cells were more “stem-like,” a trait linked to longer-lasting cancer fighting capabilities. “TIL therapy is one of the most promising treatments we have for solid tumors,” said Dr. Abate-Daga. “This discovery could help more patients benefit and do so more quickly.”

Moffitt is currently leading a clinical trial to test this approach in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Researchers hope CD40L-enhanced TILs will become a next-generation standard in TIL therapy.